Under what circumstance might the board refuse to issue or renew a license?

The correct response is based on the understanding that professional licensing boards have specific criteria related to the moral character and ethical conduct of applicants. A conviction of a misdemeanor charge that relates to moral character raises significant concerns about an individual's fitness to practice in a profession that demands a high standard of trust and integrity, such as dentistry.

Licensing boards prioritize the protection of public health and safety. They assess the background of applicants to ensure that they will act ethically and responsibly in their practice. A misdemeanor related to moral character can indicate behaviors that might jeopardize patient trust or safety, thereby justifying the refusal to issue or renew a license.

In contrast, failure to complete required continuing education is typically an administrative matter that could lead to a suspension or a requirement for additional training, rather than an outright refusal to license. Having a dentist as an employer does not generally impact eligibility for a license and is not a basis for refusal; likewise, participation in volunteer dental services is often seen favorably and does not pose any barrier to licensure. Thus, the focus on moral character in option B is what aligns with the standards set by licensing boards.